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AD1838AS Arkusz danych(PDF) 11 Page - Analog Devices |
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AD1838AS Arkusz danych(HTML) 11 Page - Analog Devices |
11 / 24 page REV. 0 AD1838 –11– (continued from Page 1) and a continuous-time voltage out analog section. Each DAC has independent volume control and clickless mute functions. The ADC comprises two 24-bit conversion channels with multibit sigma-delta modulators and decimation filters. The AD1838 also contains an on-chip reference with a nominal value of 2.25 V. The AD1838 contains a flexible serial interface that allows for glueless connection to a variety of DSP chips, AES/EBU receiv- ers, and sample rate converters. The AD1838 can be configured in Left-Justified, Right-Justified, I 2S, or DSP-compatible serial modes. Control of the AD1838 is achieved by means of an SPI- compatible serial port. While the AD1838 can be operated from a single 5 V supply, it also features a separate supply pin for its digital interface that allows the device to be interfaced to other devices using 3.3 V power supplies. The AD1838 is available in a 52-Lead MQFP package and is specified for the industrial temperature range of –40ºC to +85ºC. FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW ADCs There are two ADC channels in the AD1838, configured as a stereo pair. Each ADC has fully differential inputs. The ADC section can operate at a sample rate of up to 96 kHz. The ADCs include on-board digital decimation filters with 120 dB stop-band attenuation and linear phase response, operating at an oversampling ratio of 128 (for 48 kHz operation) or 64 (for 96 kHz operation). ADC peak level information for each ADC may be read from the ADC Peak 0 and ADC Peak 1 Registers. The data is supplied as a 6-bit word with a maximum range of 0 dB to –63 dB and a resolution of 1 dB. The registers will hold peak information until read; after reading, the registers are reset so that new peak information can be acquired. Refer to the register description for details of the format. The two ADC channels have a common serial bit clock and a left-right framing clock. The clock signals are all synchronous with the sample rate. The ADC digital pins, ABCLK and ALRCLK, can be set to operate as inputs or outputs by connecting the M/S pin to ODVDD or DGND, respectively. When the pins are set as outputs, the AD1838 will generate the timing signals. When the pins are set as inputs, the timing must be generated by the external audio controller. DACs The AD1838 has six DAC channels arranged as three inde- pendent stereo pairs, with six fully differential analog outputs for improved noise and distortion performance. Each channel has its own independently programmable attenuator, adjustable in 1024 linear steps. Digital inputs are supplied through three serial data input pins (one for each stereo pair) and a common frame (DLRCLK) and bit (DBCLK) clock. Alternatively, one of the packed data modes may be used to access all six channels on a single TDM data pin. A stereo replicate feature is included where the DAC data sent to the first DAC pair is also sent to the other DACs in the part. The AD1838 can accept DAC data at a sample rate of 192 kHz on DAC 1 only. The stereo replicate feature can then be used to copy the audio data to the other DACs. Each set of differential output pins sits at a dc level of VREF and swings ±1.4 V for a 0 dB digital input signal. A single op amp third order external low-pass filter is recommended to remove high-frequency noise present on the output pins, as well as to provide differential-to-single-ended conversion. Note that the use of op amps with low slew rate or low bandwidth may cause high-frequency noise and tones to fold down into the audio band; care should be exercised in selecting these components. The FILTD pin should be connected to an external grounded capacitor. This pin is used to reduce the noise of the internal DAC bias circuitry, thereby reducing the DAC output noise. In some cases, this capacitor may be eliminated with little effect on performance. DAC and ADC Coding The DAC and ADC output data stream is in a two’s complement encoded format. The word width can be selected from 16-bit, 20-bit, or 24-bit. The coding scheme is detailed in Table I. Table I. Coding Scheme Code Level 01111......1111 +FS 00000......0000 0 (Ref Level) 10000......0000 –FS Clock Signals The DAC and ADC engines in the AD1838 are designed to operate from a 24.576 MHz internal master clock (IMCLK). This clock is used to generate 48 kHz and 96 kHz sampling on the ADC and 48 kHz, 96 kHz and 192 kHz on the DAC, although the 192 kHz option is only available on one DAC pair. The stereo replicate feature can be used to copy this DAC data to the other DACs if required. To facilitate the use of the different MCLK values, the AD1838 provides a clock scaling feature. The MCLK scaler can be programmed via the SPI port to scale the MCLK by a factor of 1 (pass-through), 2 (doubling), or scaling by a factor of 2/3. The default setting of the MCLK scaler is 2, which will generate 48 kHz sampling from a 12.288 MHz MCLK. Additional sample rates can be achieved by changing the MCLK value. For example, the CD standard sampling frequency of 44.1 kHz can be achieved using an 11.2896 kHz MCLK. Figure 2 shows the internal configuration of the clock scaler and converter engines. To maintain the highest performance possible, it is recommended that the clock jitter of the master clock signal be limited to less than 300 ps rms, measured using the edge-to-edge technique. Even at these levels, extra noise or tones may appear in the DAC outputs if the jitter spectrum contains large spectral peaks. It is highly recommended that the master clock be generated by an independent crystal oscillator. In addition, it is especially important that the clock signal should not be passed through an FPGA or other large digital chip before being applied to the AD1838. In most cases, this will induce clock jitter due to the fact that the clock signal is sharing common power and ground connections with other unrelated digital output signals. |
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